BLEPHARITIS, ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS

VIRAL VS. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Viruses contain nucleic acid surrounded by a coat of antigenic protein. While viruses provide the genetic code for replication, host cells provide the energy and raw material for the virus to grow. Bacteria are different in that they are single cell organisms without nuclei. Antibiotics are effective against bacterial infections, not viruses. Bacteria grow outside the host cell and can be attacked by antibiotics.

BLEPHARITIS

Blepharitis is a chronic inflammation of the eyelid. It can impact both eyes along the edges of the eyelids and typically occurs when the oil glands near the base of the eyelashes become clogged. This can cause redness and irritation. Blepharitis is sometimes difficult to treat but does not usually cause permanent damage to eyesight. Although it can be uncomfortable and unsightly, blepharitis is not contagious.

Anterior blepharitis and posterior blepharitis are two different conditions. Anterior blepharitis impacts the outside front of the eyelid, and can be caused by bacteria (staphylococcus) and scalp dandruff. Posterior blepharitis affects the inner eyelid and is caused by problems with the meibomian glands that secrete oil. Two skin disorders can cause this form of blepharitis are acne rosacea and scalp dandruff. Chalazion, a condition involving a painless lump caused by inflammation of the oil glands, is at times associated with blepharitis.

SYMPTOMS OF BLEPHARITIS

There are myriad symptoms of blepharitis, including redness and swelling of the eyelids, itching and burning, and crusting and flaking. Patients may also experience watery eyes, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. In some severe cases, blepharitis can lead to the loss of eyelashes and thickening of the eyelid margin. Styes or chalazia may also appear.

TREATMENT OF BLEPHARITIS

At Idaho Eyelid and Facial Plastic Surgery, treatment involves regular eyelid cleaning, artificial tears, antibiotic ointments, and steroid eye drops. Warm compresses can loosen crust, followed by a mild cleaning of the eyelid with a cotton swab, water hypoallergenic soap. Patients who also have acne rosacea should have that condition treated at the same time.

ALLERGIC CONJUCTIVITIS

Allergic conjunctivitis is the irritation of the conjunctiva as a reaction to an allergic substance. Allergic conjunctivitis causes eyes to become watery, red, swollen, itchy, and often painful. This condition may be acute or chronic over a period of time. It is not contagious but can occur seasonally or perennially. Allergic conjunctivitis can cause discomfort. Untreated, allergic conjunctivitis can result in continuous irritation resulting in eye rubbing, which could lead to permanent eye damage.

CAUSES OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS

Allergens are the most common cause of allergic conjunctivitis. Common allergens include pollen, mold, pets, dust mites, pollution and chemicals. Trees, grass, weeds, and flowers release the allergen pollen into the air particularly during spring and fall. Mold is released through the air and is common in damp atmospheres. Pet dander, dust mites, and pollution can cause allergic conjunctivitis in many patients. Some chemicals found in cosmetics, carpeting, and paint along with cigarette smoke are also thought to be allergens. It is important to identify the causes of allergic conjunctivitis. Patients may have to avoid more than one specific allergen in order to prevent a reaction.